Virtual Reality Boosts Learning Efficiency, Study Finds
In a groundbreaking study conducted by researchers from Drexel University’s School of Biomedical Engineering, a surprising discovery was made regarding the efficiency of virtual reality (VR) in facilitating learning. Published in the journal Sensors, this study is the first to investigate brain activity during visuospatial problem-solving across immersive VR, 2-D computer screens, and physical environments. The findings suggest that VR-based learning may offer superior neural efficiency compared to real-world environments, potentially revolutionizing educational approaches.
The study involved 30 young adults who engaged in visuospatial tasks while their prefrontal cortex activity was monitored using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), an optical brain imaging tool. Participants tackled 3D geometric puzzles across three presentation mediums: immersive VR, 2-D computer screens, and physical environments. The results revealed that VR-based learning exhibited optimal neural efficiency, with participants solving puzzles faster and more accurately in the VR environment.
According to senior author Hasan Ayaz, PhD, VR reduced the mental load required to complete tasks, suggesting that VR furnishes clearer 3D visual cues, facilitating better problem inspection and solution evaluation. Participants made fewer errors and spent less time rotating puzzles in the VR environment, indicating higher neural efficiency compared to real-world or computer screen environments.
Ayaz emphasized the importance of interaction in learning but noted that spending excessive time solving challenges can be exhausting and discouraging. VR’s capacity to create immersive spaces with enhanced visual cues may provide a more effective learning environment compared to traditional mediums. The authors propose that VR-based learning could benefit STEM education and professional training by offering immersive experiences and personalized learning approaches.
Neuroergonomics
The study contributes to the growing field of neuroergonomics, which explores the interaction between humans and technology to optimize performance. Ayaz’s research lab specializes in neuroergonomics, focusing on brain health and performance optimization in various domains. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of tailored training based on individual performance and cognitive load measures derived from fNIRS data.
While VR shows promise for enhancing learning efficiency, the researchers acknowledge that real-world and computer screen applications remain valuable, particularly for learners who do not require visual aids. The findings have implications for fields such as surgical training, aviation simulation, and STEM education, where immersive experiences and personalized learning approaches can lead to superior outcomes.
The study was supported by Fulbright United States-Brazil, Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, and the São Paulo Research Foundation. Ayaz discloses his involvement with fNIR Devices, LLC, the manufacturer of the optical brain imaging instrument used in the study.
Overall, the study underscores the potential of VR to revolutionize learning and training paradigms by offering immersive experiences and optimizing neural efficiency. As technology continues to evolve, VR-based education may become increasingly prevalent, paving the way for enhanced learning outcomes and performance optimization across various domains.
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